Book of Luke - Chapter 20 - Verse 22

When the Pharisees and Herodians asked Jesus whether it is lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, they were trying to trap him into giving a controversial answer. If Jesus said it was lawful, the Jewish people who despised Roman rule would view him as a traitor. If he said it was not lawful, he could be accused of insurrection against the Roman authorities. Jesus astutely asked for a coin, which bore Caesar's image, and responded with the famous line "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s; and unto God the things that are God’s." This response highlighted the idea of dual citizenship; believers are called to fulfill their obligations to both earthly authorities and to God. By paying taxes, Christians demonstrate their respect for earthly governments, while also recognizing that their ultimate allegiance belongs to God.

When the Pharisees and Herodians sought to trap Jesus with their question about paying tribute to Caesar, they were subtly trying to force Him into a political and theological dilemma. The word "tribute" here refers to a tax that the Jews were required to pay to the Roman authorities. The theological interpretation of this verse centers around the tension between earthly authority and divine authority. By acknowledging Caesar's authority to collect taxes, Jesus affirmed the principle of respecting and obeying civil authorities. However, He also emphasized the importance of rendering to God what belongs to God, highlighting the ultimate sovereignty and lordship of God over all human institutions. This verse demonstrates the nuanced understanding of Jesus in navigating complex theological and political issues while upholding the Kingdom of God above all earthly kingdoms.